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Understanding Family Law in Qatar: Marriage, Divorce, Custody, and Related Rights

Qatar's family law system is governed by Law No. 22 of 2006 (Personal Status Law), based largely on Sharia principles, but it applies with certain procedural formalities for residents, including expatriates. Here’s a comprehensive overview of the procedures and rights concerning marriage, divorce, custody, maintenance, and official documentation under Qatari law.

1. Marriage in Qatar

Marriage in Qatar is regulated by the Family Court under the Personal Status Law. There are different processes depending on religion and nationality:

For Muslims:

  • Muslim marriages are registered at the Family Court (Sharia Section).

  • Requirements include:

    • Valid residence permits (RP)

    • Bride’s guardian's (wali) consent

    • Two male Muslim witnesses

    • Pre-marital medical certificate (required in most cases)

For Non-Muslims:

  • Marriage may be conducted through respective religious institutions or embassies.

  • The marriage must be registered with the Qatari authorities for it to be legally recognized.

2. Family Counselling and Mediation

Before any divorce proceedings, Qatar mandates a counselling and reconciliation process through court-appointed family mediators.

  • The Family Conciliation Office will try to reconcile the couple.

  • Participation is mandatory and part of the formal divorce process.

  • If reconciliation fails, a report is submitted to the court, and divorce proceedings begin.

3. Divorce in Qatar

A. Contested Divorce

If one party refuses to consent, the other may file for contested divorce, citing grounds such as:

  • Harm or mistreatment

  • Desertion

  • Lack of financial support

  • Irreconcilable differences

The court will examine:

  • Validity of claims

  • Efforts made at reconciliation

  • Rights and obligations (including maintenance and custody)

B. Mutual Consent Divorce

  • Both parties file a joint petition.

  • Family counsellors will confirm mutual decision and prepare reports.

  • The judge may issue a divorce order without a lengthy trial.

4. Child Custody (Hadhana)

Qatari law gives preference to mother's custody in early years, with some key considerations:

  • Mother typically retains custody until the child reaches:

    • Boys: 13 years

    • Girls: 15 years

  • The father remains the legal guardian and is financially responsible.

  • Custody may be transferred if:

    • The custodian remarries

    • The custodian is deemed unfit

    • The best interests of the child dictate otherwise

The court prioritizes the well-being and stability of the child in all decisions.

5. Maintenance and House Allowance

Under Qatari law, the father/husband is legally obligated to support:

  • Children (even under mother’s custody)

  • Former wife (in case of iddat period or if she has no income)

Maintenance Includes:

  • Food

  • Clothing

  • Education

  • Medical needs

  • Housing allowance (if the mother retains custody)

Amount is determined by the court based on:

  • Husband’s income

  • Lifestyle during marriage

  • Number and needs of children

6. Divorce Certificate and Legal Documentation

Once divorce is finalized:

A. Court Issues Final Decree:

  • The divorce judgment is recorded at the Family Court.

  • Certified copies can be requested by either party.

B. Divorce Certificate:

  • A formal Divorce Certificate is issued and must be:

    • Collected from the Family Court

    • Translated to English (if needed)

    • Attested by the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) in Qatar for use abroad

C. Notification to Embassy:

  • It is advisable to notify your home country embassy for records and civil registration.

7. Notes for Expatriates

  • Non-Muslim expatriates may be governed by their home country's laws in certain cases if agreed upon.

  • In interfaith or mixed-nationality marriages, jurisdiction and law applied may vary.

  • It is always advised to consult a qualified family law lawyer in Qatar to understand your specific rights.

Conclusion

Qatar’s Personal Status Law offers a structured legal framework that balances traditional values with due legal process for family matters. Whether you are entering into marriage or navigating a divorce, understanding your rights related to custody, maintenance, and documentation ensures informed and lawful decision-making.

✅ Need Help?

If you need help:

  • Drafting legal documents (e.g., divorce petitions or custody applications)

  • Attesting your marriage or divorce certificate

  • Navigating family court procedures


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